Connecting piece

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a connecting piece for connecting an electric waveguide and a coolant line, comprising: a fluid-tight housing (1) having a hollow inner space; a waveguide opening (2) in the housing (1) for receiving the electric waveguide; a coolant line opening (3) in the housing (1) for receiving the coolant line; and an electrically insulating separating element (4), wherein: the inner space is formed hydraulically connecting the waveguide opening (2) and the coolant line opening (3); the housing (1) comprises a coolant line-side housing part (5) and a waveguide-side housing part (6) that can be separated from the coolant line-side housing part (5); and the separating element (4) is arranged between the coolant line-side housing part (5) and the waveguide-side housing part (6), is formed spacing the coolant line-side housing part (5) and the waveguide-side housing part (6) apart from each other and has a coolant channel (7), wherein the coolant channel (7) provides at least one part of the inner space. In order to specify a connecting piece of the type mentioned above that can be produced simply and in a manner that is tolerant to faults, the present invention proposes that the separating element (4) is formed as a ball.

The present invention relates to a connecting piece for connecting an electric waveguide and a coolant line, comprising: a fluid-tight housing having a hollow inner space; a waveguide opening in the housing for receiving the electric waveguide; a coolant line opening in the housing for receiving the coolant line; and an electrically insulating separating element, wherein: the inner space is formed hydraulically connecting the waveguide opening and the coolant line opening, the housing comprises a coolant line-side housing part and a waveguide-side housing part that can be separated from the coolant line-side housing part; and the separating element is arranged between the coolant line-side housing part and the waveguide-side housing part, is formed spacing the coolant line-side housing part and the waveguide-side housing part apart from each other and has a coolant channel, wherein the coolant channel is providing at least one part of the inner space.

An electric waveguide in the sense of the present invention is a waveguide that can be used for hydraulically guiding the coolant and for electrically guiding electric currents. In particular, the electric waveguide is formed as a round tube and has an outer diameter ranging from 1.0 mm to 3.2 mm.

The coolant flowing in the electric waveguide and the coolant line consists of an electrically insulating fluid, wherein the fluid is a liquid or a gas. If the fluid is a gas, then all references to hydraulics are to be replaced with pneumatics. For example, the inner space is then formed pneumatically connecting the waveguide opening and the coolant line opening.

A generic connecting piece is known from the applicant's international patent application PCT/EP2015/057 400 that is post-published prior art to the present application. So that the generic connecting piece is permanently tight at very high pressures, for example more than 100 bar, and/or temperatures, for example more than 100° C., it requires as precise a composition of the generic connecting piece as possible, which increases the production costs and the chance of mistakes.

It is thus the object of the present invention to specify a connecting piece of the type mentioned above that can be produced simply and in a way that is tolerant of faults.

To solve this object, the present invention proposes a connecting piece of the type mentioned above, wherein the separating element is formed as a ball. To great advantage, the ball provides for an automatic centring of the coolant line-side housing part relative to the waveguide-side housing part with the assembly of the connecting piece according to the invention. At the latest shortly before a mounting final position, the geometry of the ball causes an exact alignment of the coolant line-side housing part relative to the waveguide-side housing part. A displacement between the coolant line-side housing part and the waveguide-side housing part that could lead to a loss of tightness of the connecting piece according to the invention is constructively precluded. Thus, the connecting piece according to the invention can be produced simply and in a manner that is tolerant of faults, without losing any functionality. Furthermore, the ball is optimally pressure-resistant because of its geometry. A favourable pressure distribution that is required, in particular, with high pressures in the inner space, helps to avoid pressure or tension peaks that wear out material, which clearly improves the durability of the connecting piece according to the invention.

The coolant channel of the ball is a through opening, in particular a through bore.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the separating element consists of a ceramic material. Ceramic materials are sufficiently pressure resistant, heat resistant and electrically insulating. A preferred ceramic material is zirconium dioxide. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the separating element consists of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon®) which is sufficiently stable at lower pressures and lower temperatures.

In a very advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the connecting piece comprises an electrically conductive coupling piece arranged in the waveguide opening for fixing the electric waveguide to the waveguide-side housing part, wherein the coupling piece has a spherical segment-shaped or spherical recess on a ball-side end of the coupling piece. The coupling piece serves as an adapter between the generally filigree, electric waveguide and the waveguide-side housing part. The spherical segment-shaped recess partially surrounds the ball and thus provides a stable connection to the ball. The spherical segment-shaped or spherical recess and the ball are adjusted to each other in terms of their sizes, wherein a diameter of the ball ranges from 4 mm to 30 mm. It is preferred that the diameter is equal to 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm or 15 mm.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the coupling piece comprises a collecting disc on a waveguide-side end of the connecting piece, wherein the collecting disc has two or more bores for receiving electric waveguides. The collecting disc serves for the hydraulic and electric combining of two or more electric waveguides into a coupling piece. It is preferred that the collecting disc has three, six, nine or more bores. In an alternative embodiment, the collecting disc only has one bore for receiving an electric waveguide. In this case, the collecting disc is a sleeve.

In a subsequent embodiment of the present invention, the coupling piece comprises a contact plate, wherein the contact plate is formed passing through the waveguide-side housing part. The contact plate provides an electric coupling for the electric waveguide of the coupling piece that is accessible from outside the housing.

In an extremely advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the housing has two or more inner spaces, wherein a first inner space of the inner spaces and a second inner space of the inner spaces that is different from the first inner space are hydraulically separated from each other inside the housing. As a result of the two or more inner spaces in the housing part, to great advantage, the connecting piece provides a device that provides one or more current circuits and/or coolant circuits with an inlet and outlet. The connecting piece according to the invention thus functions as a central electric and hydraulic coupling device on an electromagnetic machine that comprises a coil that is wound by electric waveguides.

In a first particular embodiment of the present invention, the first inner space is hydraulically connected to one waveguide opening and the second inner space is hydraulically connected to three waveguide openings. This configuration is used, for example, with a star circuit for three-phase alternating current. The waveguide opening of the first inner space is here a hydraulic star point that is fed with coolant via a coolant inlet. Starting from the star point, one or more electric waveguides are guided into three arms of the star circuit. A phase that comprises one or more electric waveguides is hydraulically guided back by each of the arms to one of the three waveguide openings of the second inner space that is connected to a coolant outlet. All waveguide openings are electrically insulated from one another.

In a second, alternative particular embodiment of the present invention to the first particular embodiment, the first inner space is hydraulically connected to two waveguide openings and the second inner space is hydraulically connected to two waveguide openings. This configuration is used, for example, in a triangle circuit for three-phase alternating current. The two waveguide openings of the first inner space are connected to a coolant inlet, wherein a waveguide opening is connected to one or a plurality of electric waveguides and the other waveguide opening is connected to one or a plurality of electric waveguides. The electric waveguides are guided into the three legs of the triangle circuit. A phase that comprises one or more electric waveguides is guided back by each of the legs to the two waveguide openings of the second inner space that is connected to a coolant outlet, wherein a waveguide opening is connected to a plurality of electric waveguides and the other waveguide opening is connected to one or a plurality of electric waveguides. The respective other waveguide openings are electrically connected to one another. Otherwise, the waveguide openings are electrically insulated from one another.

In a very advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the coolant line-side housing part and the waveguide-side housing part are connected to each other by means of plate-spring bearing screws. Screws, in particular steel screws, allow a continuous and sufficiently strong pressing of the two housing parts onto each other in order to achieve a tight connection between the two housing parts. A torque for the screws is about 6 Nm. The plate springs balance temperature-induced variations in a geometric extension of the housing parts.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coolant line-side housing part consists of copper and the waveguide-side housing part consists of plastic reinforced with glass fibre. The copper is soft copper, in particular, having a Vickers hardness of less than 50 and a tensile strength of about 200 N/mm². Furthermore, the ratio of the heat expansion coefficient of copper to the heat expansion coefficient of numerous ceramic materials of 2:1 has proved optimal in order to achieve a tight connection between the coolant line-side housing part and the balls across a wide temperature range. The plastic reinforced with glass fibre gives the waveguide-side housing part sufficient mechanical stability and electric insulating properties, such that a short-circuit or voltage surge between the individual waveguide openings in prevented.

The connecting piece according to the invention is used in electromagnetic machines that comprise at least one coil that is wound by at least one electric waveguide. Preferred electromagnetic machines are electric motors, generators, transformers, inductors, frequency converters and batteries. As a result of a suitable arrangement, complete electric systems can thus be equipped with waveguide cooling, for example by frequency converters, batteries and similar being coupled.

The invention is described in two preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings by way of example, wherein further advantageous details can be seen in the figures of the drawings.

The figures of the drawings show in detail:

FIG. 1, a sectional view of a connecting piece according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2, a sectional view of a connecting piece according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 3, a further sectional view of the connecting piece according to the first or the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a connecting piece according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The first embodiment is used with a star circuit. The connecting piece according to the first embodiment serves for connecting eight electric waveguides and two coolant lines, namely a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet. The connecting piece comprises: a fluid-tight housing 1 having two hollow inner spaces; four waveguide openings 2 in the housing 1 for receiving the electric waveguides; two coolant line openings 3 in the housing 1 for receiving the coolant lines; and four electrically insulating separating elements 4. The housing 1 comprises a coolant line-side housing part 5 and a waveguide-side housing part 6 that can be separated from the coolant line-side housing part 5. The coolant line-side housing part 5 consists of copper. The waveguide-side housing part 6 consists of plastic reinforced with glass fibre.

Each of the separating elements 4 is arranged between the coolant line-side housing part 5 and the waveguide-side housing part 6, spaces the coolant line-side housing part 5 and the waveguide-side housing part 6 apart from each other and has a coolant channel 7, wherein the coolant channel 7 provides a part of the inner space. It is essential according to the invention that each of the separating elements 4 be formed as a ball. The balls consist of a ceramic material, namely zirconium dioxide. Furthermore, the connecting piece comprises four electrically conducting coupling pieces 8 arranged in the waveguide opening 2 for fixing the electric waveguide to the waveguide-side housing part 6. Each of the coupling pieces 8 has a spherical segment shaped recess 9 on a ball-side end of the respective coupling piece 8, in which recess 9 the ball is received. Alternatively, the recess 9 is formed spherically. In addition, each of the coupling pieces 8 comprises a collecting disc 10 on a waveguide-side end of the respective coupling piece 8. The collecting disc 10 of the one coupling piece 8 that is part of an inlet inner space (the left inner space in FIG. 1) has two or, where necessary, more bores for receiving electric waveguides. Each of the collecting discs 10 of the three coupling pieces 8 that are part of the outlet inner space (the right inner space in FIG. 1) has two or, where necessary, more bores for receiving electric waveguides. The waveguides are thus brazed to the collecting discs. The collecting discs are brazed to the respective coupling pieces 8. The coupling piece 8 of the inlet inner space is hydraulically separated and electrically insulated from the three coupling pieces 8 of the outlet inner space inside the housing 1. The three coupling pieces 8 of the outlet inner space are hydraulically connected to one another inside the housing 1 and are electrically insulated from one another. The coolant line-side housing part 5 and the waveguide-side housing part 6 are connected to each other by means of ten plate-spring bearing screws 12.

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a connecting piece according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is used with a triangular circuit. The connecting piece according to the second embodiment is constructed very similarly to the connecting piece according to the first embodiment. However, the four coupling pieces 8 are interconnected hydraulically and electrically differently. Each of the collecting discs 10 of the two outer coupling pieces 8 has two or, where necessary, more bores for receiving electric waveguides. Each of the collecting discs 10 of the two inner coupling pieces 8 has two or, where necessary, more bores for receiving electric waveguides. The two inner coupling pieces 8 are electrically connected to each other. Otherwise, the coupling pieces 8 are electrically insulated from each other. The inlet inner space is hydraulically connected to two waveguide openings 2. The outlet inner space is hydraulically connected to two waveguide openings 2. The two coupling pieces 8 of the inlet inner space depicted on the left (the left inner space in FIG. 2) are hydraulically connected to each other inside the housing 1 and are electrically insulated from each other. The two coupling pieces 8 of the outlet inner space depicted on the right (the right inner space in FIG. 2) are hydraulically connected to each other inside the housing 1 and are electrically insulated from each other. The two inner coupling pieces 8 belong to different inner spaces yet are electrically connected to each other.

FIG. 3 shows a further sectional view of the connecting piece according to the first or the second embodiment of the present invention. The sectional plane is orthogonally oriented relative to the sectional planes according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and makes the coupling piece 8 of the inlet inner space visible. The diameter of the recess 9 of the coupling piece 8 of the inlet inner space is 15 mm. The separating element 4 formed as a ball of the inlet inner space has a diameter of 15 mm. The coupling piece 8 comprises a contact plate 11, wherein the contact plate 11 is formed passing through the waveguide-side housing part 6. The contact plate 11 has a bore in order to enable a stable connection to an electric cable or cable lug, for example.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

-   1 Housing -   2 Waveguide opening -   3 Coolant line opening -   4 Separating element -   5 Coolant line-side housing part -   6 Waveguide-side housing part -   7 Coolant channel -   8 Coupling piece -   9 Recess -   10 Collecting disc -   11 Contact plate -   12 Screw 

1. A connecting piece for connecting an electric waveguide and a coolant line, comprising: a fluid-tight housing (1) having a hollow inner space; a waveguide opening (2) in the housing (1) for receiving the electric waveguide; a coolant line opening (3) in the housing (1) for receiving the coolant line; and an electrically insulating separating element (4), wherein: the inner space is formed hydraulically connecting the waveguide opening (2) and the coolant line opening (3); the housing (1) comprises a coolant line-side housing part (5) and a waveguide-side housing part (6) that can be separated from the coolant line-side housing part (5); and the separating element (4) is arranged between the coolant line-side housing part (5) and the waveguide-side housing part (6), and is formed spacing the coolant line-side housing part (5) and the waveguide-side housing part (6) apart from each other, characterised in that the separating element (4) is formed as a ball that has a coolant channel (7).
 2. The connecting piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the separating element (4) consists of a ceramic material.
 3. The connecting piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the connecting piece comprises an electrically conductive coupling piece (8) arranged in the waveguide opening (2) for fixing the electric waveguide on the waveguide-side housing part (6), wherein the coupling piece (8) has a spherical segment shaped or spherical recess (9) on a ball-side end of the coupling piece (8).
 4. The connecting piece according to claim 3, characterised in that the coupling piece (8) comprises a collecting disc (10) on a waveguide-side end of the coupling piece (8), wherein the collecting disc (10) has two or more bores for receiving electric waveguides.
 5. The connecting piece according to claim 3, characterised in that the coupling piece (8) comprises a contact plate (11), wherein the contact plate (11) is formed passing through the waveguide-side housing part (6).
 6. The connecting piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the housing (1) has two or more inner spaces, wherein a first inner space of the inner spaces and a second inner space of the inner spaces that is different from the first inner space are hydraulically separated from each other inside the housing (1).
 7. The connecting piece according to claim 6, characterised in that the first inner space is hydraulically connected to one waveguide opening (2), and the second inner space is hydraulically connected to three waveguide openings (2).
 8. The connecting piece according to claim 6, characterised in that the first inner space is hydraulically connected to two waveguide openings (2), and the second inner space is hydraulically connected to two waveguide openings (2).
 9. The connecting piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the coolant line-side housing part (5) and the waveguide-side housing part (6) are connected to each other by means of plate-spring bearing screws (12).
 10. The connecting piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the coolant line-side housing part (5) consists of copper.
 11. The connecting piece according to claim 1, characterised in that the waveguide-side housing part (6) consists of plastic reinforced with glass fibre. 